Edited by:
Sumnima Tuladhar
Sagar Raj Pradhan
Sabina Shrestha

Published by:
CWIN National Resource Centre on Child Rights and Children in Conflict


CWIN-Nepal
in partnership with
Plan-Nepal

P.O.Box. No. 4374
Rabibhawan, Kathmandu
Email: cwininfo@mos.com.np
URL: www.cwin.org.np

Break the silence

Monday: My money was taken
Tuesday: Names called
Wednesday: My uniform torn
Thursday: My body pouring with blood
Friday: It's ended
Saturday: Freedom

These lines are the excerpts from the final diary pages of a thirteen-year-old boy Bijaya Singh who committed suicide hanging at his home the other day he wrote 'freedom' in his diary on Saturday. Bullied by his friends, Bijaya saw no alternative of suicide for his freedom (The Rising Nepal, 21st June 2007).

This probably is one of the rare cases in Nepal that came in media. Though ragging and bullying is very common especially in schools and colleges, none of the institutions want to accept the fact that these incidents occur at their institutions. Mostly a child is bullied by friends/ classmates, seniors, at times juniors and even teachers.

Bullying is the intentional tormenting of others through verbal harassment, physical assault, or other more subtle methods of coercion such as manipulation. When bullying continues for a long time it can couse serious impacts to a child's social, mental and cognitive development resulting in low self-esteem and even suicide. There is currently no legal definition for this. However many forms of physical, verbal and non-verbal bullying are found in Nepal. Hitting, kicking, spitting, throwing objects, insulting, name calling, threatening, stealing books, sending nasty notes, untouchable, excluding deliberately from a group of activities are the examples of bullying. Bullying can occur in any settings such as school, the workplace, home and neighborhoods. Moreover it is also related with the power relations in the society. Children from dalit communities, children with unpleasant looks, children from low income families, children from remote areas, children with disability, children who are slow learners and girls often face bullying by their friends, seniors and even their own siblings and teachers in schools.

Children in Nepal are not taught to talk about their problems and more often they keep silent and keep on bearing all the misbehaviour and bullying from friends or other people. In 2004 CWIN organised a national consultation with children on bullying and brought out poster and booklets to inform children and make them aware about bullying and to empower them to tacke with the problem. At the consultation most of the children realised that they have either been bullied or have bullied their peers. They had no idea bullying could cause severe negative impacts on children's development.

Schools and colleges are fast developing filthy culture like ragging/ bullying. The case quoted above is one of the severe examples of negative impacts. There is news where teacher forced her students to eat cow dung which is another extreme case. According to the research conducted by New Era on school bullying, the schools in Nepal do not want to talk on bullying, teachers are unaware and children do not inform their parents and teachers on their being bullied.

This culture of silence in our society is preventing us to properly address the issue of bullying. Now it is high time for all of us including children to break the silence and speak up their mind. Children, parents and teachers need more awareness on the issue so that we do not have to lose any precious child anymore.

June 12, World Day against Child Labour

This year the World Day against Child Labour focuses on elimination of child labour in agriculture. Worldwide, agriculture is the sector where the largest percentage of working children is found, nearly seventy percent.

Over 132 million girls and boys aged 5-14 years old often work from sun up to sun down on farms and plantations, planting and harvesting crops, spraying pesticides, and tending livestock.

The World Day against Child Labour is aimed at mobilising people around the world against child labour and its worst forms, reflecting local cultures and customs, while encouraging the participation of authorities, the media, civil society and the public at large.

The most extreme forms of child labour involve children being enslaved, taken from their families, exposed to serious hazards and illnesses, sexually exploited or left to fend for themselves on the streets of the world's largest cities.

In the context of Nepal, there are 25 million children who are below 18 years of age and 25 percent of them - 2.6 million are child labourers working in hazardous conditions. According to the survey conducted by CONCERN Nepal, 71,500 children are working in restaurants, 32,000 are involved in stone quarries and 19,000 are working as short distance porters. Similarly, 30 -40 thousand children are indulged in brick kilns and 16,000 are involved in mechanical works risking their physical and mental health.

Children are forced to work in intolerable conditions and are underpaid. Their wages are neither fixed nor fair. The research revealed the fact that parents of those child labours prefer them to work and earn. They are not with the idea to send them to schools but rather prefer children to earn money. The dependency of the families' to the children is extremely high in all the working sectors. Study by CONCERN reveals that 92 percent of children in stone quarries, 81 percent of children in restaurant, 87 percent of child porters and 30 percent of child labours in brick kiln are supplementing dire family necessities.

Child labourers in every sector are working in hazardous conditions. Childhood is the time they should be enjoying under the love and care of their parents. However, there are many who missed to enjoy their childhood for livelihood, but there needs an extra effort to get rid of conventional thinking that if child labours are rescued, their livelihoods are taken away. There should be a proper planning before taking them away from the places they are working in but every one should understand that child labours being rescued is the one further step for them to find their way out in lives as productive citizens of country.

World Day Against Child Labour to focus on 'Elimination of child labour in agriculture'

GENEVA (ILO News) -- This year's World Day Against Child Labour on 12 June is to focus on the elimination of child labour in agriculture, which accounts for a staggering percentage of the world's working children and is one of the most dangerous forms of work for children and adults like.
The ILO's International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) estimates that over 100 million boys and girls aged 5-14 work as child labourers on farms and plantations the world over, where they are often exposed to hazards and risks that run the gamut from the mixing, handling and applying of toxic pesticides to using dangerous cutting tools, to working in extreme temperatures and operating powerful farm vehicles and heavy machinery.

To strengthen the worldwide movement against child labour, the ILO is to launch a new partnership on 12 June with five international agriculture-based organizations: the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), the International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP) and the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations (IUF).
The aim of this new partnership will be to develop common policies, programmes and activities at international and national levels against child labour in agriculture. These partner organizations will play an important role in working with ministries of agriculture, agricultural advisory services, research bodies and other offices involved in agricultural policy issues. It may also be expanded in the future to include other agricultural-based organizations.

The ILO stressed that not all children working in agriculture can be considered child labourers under the terms of ILO conventions No. 138 and No. 182 if they perform tasks appropriate to a child's age and that are a normal part of growing up in a rural environment.

The World Day Against Child Labour is observed worldwide on or around 12 June each year. It serves as a catalyst for the growing worldwide movement against child labour.

A substantive press release, and a set of fact sheets and other background information, will be issued on 8 June for use by the media on the world day. The press release will be for publication on or after 2300 GMT on 11 June. The ILO has also prepared digital news and information material for use by broadcasters on or after the World Day. For more information, media materials and other background on child labour.

For more information, www.ilo.org/childlabour

Role of Media on promotion of CZOP

CWIN Nepal organised a one day workshop on 'Role of Media on promotion of Children are Zones of Peace' in the changing context of the country. The process of restoring peace and strengthening democracy is some way or the other linked to the nation's children who make half of the country's population. Secretary General of the Nepal Federation of Journalists Mr. Mahendra Bista presented a paper on the 'Role of Media on promotion of CZOP'. Mr. Rishi Raj Adhikary, President, CZOP National Coalition and Ms. Madhuwanti Tuladhar from Plan-Nepal spoke about importance of media in promoting child rights and the children are zones of peace campaign. Mr. Gauri Pradhan, President of CWIN facilitated the open floor discussion and gave concluding remarks.

Children are the Zones of peace, not only in the conflict period but they are the zones of peace post conflict as well. Media's contribution in child right protection during the armed conflict is highly commendable. During the times of crisis media helped a lot in spreading the nation wide promotion of the campaign "Children are Zones of Peace". In the coming years media is expected to be more effective and sensitive focusing on the following points:

1. It is not possible to build a new Nepal without the bright future for the children. Therefore child rights and child protection should be considered as a national concern and the media should play a role in enforcing this notion;
   
2. In the new context, the CZOP campaign should be made clear and further enhanced. This should be carried on along with the like minded and the media should make the concerned aware about it;
   
3. Forwarding children's issue giving it utmost importance to the ongoing peace process between the government and the Maoists;
   
4. Advocate and pressurise government providing evidential information and notices to ensure child rights in constituent assembly;
   
5. Media's contribution in favor of children and child protection during armed conflicts and revolutions;
   
6. Providing information and notices to different humanitarian organizations keen on helping the children who have been displaced, injured or disabled during the armed conflict. Furthermore providing information on reconciliation and reuniting the affected children from different parts of the country;
   
7. Minimizing the effect of landmines and unused explosives on children through education, awareness, and information. Publishing children friendly material in order to minimize the negative psychological effects on children;
   
8. Play a part in promoting peace culture and peace education for enforcing the building of new Nepal along with children;
   
9. Promoting implementation of different international human rights laws, treaties, understanding, and peace accord carried out by the Nepal government in relation to the children. Reminding the government and the interim constitution to put the laws and plans into effect time and again;
   
10. Giving importance on imparting information, notices and photographs related to child welfare;
    
11. Advocate for the mainstreaming of children at risk, specially: dalit, differently-able, underprivileged children. Furthermore media should make the effort to make political parties/ election more accountable towards ensuring the child rights in the constituent assembly.
    
12. Promote children's interaction with the electing candidates and make children more aware about the constituent assembly. Assist to make the children's voices heard and make their issues prominent in the process of constitutional election;
    
13. Develop alternative medium to include voices of children and promote consultation with children during the process of building the new constitution;
    
14. In the context of violence related to children, its prevention and children protection should be discussed with the concerned authorities and participatory campaigns should be carried out;
    
15. Lastly, media should follow the code of conduct regarding media and children for children's best interest.

Interaction Program on "CZOP National campaign's priority in new Nepal"

After ten years of armed conflict, the country is in the process of peace building. During the conflict period, "Children are Zones of Peace" campaign was initiated.

With the change in country's situation, the priority of CZOP campaign has also changed to explore new dimensions and promote the campaign. Since the concept of developing a new Nepal is emerging, it is essential to identify the major children's issues in the present changed context.
The interaction program was held on 25th June 2007 at Hotel Orchid. The program was facilitated by Tarak Dhital from CWIN mainly focused on two points.

1. Inputs for CZOP booklet.
   
2. Major issues of children in present changed context.

The 10 points mentioned in CZOP booklet was discussed with participants. The 10 points were as follows:

1. Declaring schools as zones of peace;
   
2. No strike, bandh and declaring cease-fire on special days related to children;
   
3. Avoiding sanctions on the supply of services and materials essential for children;
   
4. Protecting vehicles used by the children and no violent activities;
   
5. Avoiding obstacles on special programs organized in participation of children;
   
6. Avoiding broadcast, transmission and publication of the materials affecting children from the mass media;
   
7. Always showing compassion towards children and never involving them in armed conflict;
   
8. Giving high priority to children vis-à-vis rescue, relief and rehabilitation;
   
9. Allowing the organizations extending humanitarian support to the children to operate;
   
10. Develop peace education and culture of peace.

Conflict-hit kids started 'Let us Live and Study' campaign

Children of people killed by the state during the decade long armed conflict warned that they will wage a war if government does not provide them with judicious compensation. The children handed over an empty bag and a plate to the personal secretary of the Prime Minister, demanding their rights to education, food and shelter be ensured.

"We were threatened and tortured when we needed love and care from our parents", said Bidya Bhatta.

Addressing an interaction between children whose parents were killed during the conflict and representatives of organisations working for child welfare, Bhatta, a student from Kailali said,"We will be compelled to fight to assert our rights if the government does not compensate us".

"We are ready to explode if the government fails to address our woes", warned another student Aruna Katuwal who hails from Udaypur. She adds, "We will take the path shown by our parents. Did not our parents shed their blood for the betterment of the nation?" The Maoists have joined the government but the children of the Maoists killed during the conflict are still neglected. Why don't our ministers think of us?

Some 500 children whose parents were killed by security forces during the conflict are participating in a weeklong 'Let us Live and Study' campaign. They concluded their week-long by staging a sit-in programme in front of the PM's residence at Baluwatar. The All Nepal National Independent Students Union-Revolutionary organised the program and the organisation said it will be compelled to take the matter to the court if the government does not provide compensation to the children of those killed by the state.

Gauri Pradhan of CWIN said the children of the people killed by the security forces have been subjected to discrimination. 'The government should protect the rights of all the children to live and study".

Source: The Himalayan Times, June 05/08, 2007

Minor killed in 'accidental firing'

Kamala Pulami, a six grader at Janumankharka Secondary School in Arthunge village died when she was hit by a bullet fired by army personnel, Sunday. A seriously injured Pulami who was airlifted to Kathmandu for treatment at Myadgi Hospital died on the way.

The Nepali Army (NA) claims the bullet was 'accidentally discharged' from a self loading rifle (SLR) of NA personnel Bhimsen Thapa. Pulami had excessive bleeding from her right cheek where she was hit by a bullet. Following the incident, irate locals beat up an NA jamdar and also pelted stones at an NA Major, who was trying to talk to the villagers. Locals staged demonstration demanding immediate removal of the NA barracks from the locality and snapped a pipe to stop water supply to the barracks.
The NA has expressed sadness over the incident and said Thapa has already been taken into custody and an investigation initiated. It also stated that the guilty will be subject to stern action and the victim's family members will be duly compensated.

Source: The Kathmandu Post, 25 June 2007

Nepal Polio-free, says WHO

The WHO in its latest report has adjudged Nepal a polio free country. WHO's New Delhi based official V Cherian said today that no case of polio was detected in either Nepal or Bangladesh. In 2006, polio patients were found in Nepal's adjoining states Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and hence, suspected there would be polio cases in Nepal as well. However, those fears have proved unfounded. This year, 171 polio patients were detected in countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria where the number was 531 in 2006. WHO identified 1998 polio patients in the year 2006 all over the world.

Source: The Himalayan Times, 28 June 2007

Significant improvement in infant mortality reduction

Nepal has done significantly better in demographic and health situations, specially in infant and under-five mortality rates, in the last five years. One in 16 children dies before reaching the age of five which was one in 11 five years ago.

According to the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006, the figure indicates the reduction of infant mortality rate has declined by 39 percent over the last 10 years. The infant mortality rate has come down from 79 deaths to 48 deaths per 1000 live births during the period.

The survey pointed out that the infant and child mortality rates have declined due to wide coverage of administration of polio drops, Vitamin A capsules and de-worming tablets. Presently, four out of five children received all the recommended vaccines and this is an increment of 25 percent since 2001.
However, there is a gross inconsistency in the urban and rural areas. The report said that infant mortality in urban areas was consistently lower than in rural areas - 37 deaths per 1000 live births in urban areas compared with 64 deaths per 1000 live births in rural areas.
Source: The Rising Nepal, June 12 2007

More ECD centres soon

The Department of Education (DoE) is planning to establish an additional 3,500 Early Childhood Development Centres (ECD) centres throughout the country.

According to Janardan Nepal, the Director General of DoE, the DoE has established 16523 ECD centres so far and is planning to add 3500 more in the next year. He added that the DoE was working to meet the goal of 'Education for all' by 2015 and also meet the target of establishing 74000 ECD by 2009. The issue of increasing the number of ECD is on the top priority of the DOE list.
Source: The Himalayan Times, June 20 2007

IRC to rescue 'Child soldiers'

The International Rescue Committee (IRC) is launching a programme to reintegrate child soldiers in five districts in the eastern region with their family members. The IRC is busy collecting data and launching consciousness programmes. According to the IRC source, volunteers from Taplejung, Panchthar, Jhapa, Illam and Terathum have been deployed for the children's rescue. The IRC would take the charge of reintegrating the child soldiers with their family members after the Maoists, the UNMIN and the government agreed to free child soldiers from Maoist cantonments. The IRC plans to establish Emergency Care Center and keep rescued children with them until contacts are established with their relatives.

Source: The Himalayan Times, 12 June 2007

Child dies due to lack of treatment

Lack of a health worker at the Yamphudin VDC in Taplejung has resulted in the death of three year old Mingma Rengi Sherpa. Mingma, the son of Nemba Sherpa was rushed to the Yamphudin sub health post on Saturday after he suffered from a bout of dysentery and pneumonia, but died due to lack of treatment because there was no health worker there.

Source: The Himalayan Times, June 20 2007

Teacher crams dung down students' throats

A teacher of Jana Jyoti Lower Secondary School in Lung, Pyuthan allegedly forced 82 students on Wednesday to eat cow dung when they failed to do their homework.

According to a report, Sushila KC forced 34 3rd graders and 48 4th graders to eat dung. The school shut down on Thursday after the students and their guardians protested the teacher's action.
The teacher had been warning them that she will make them eat dung if they do not do their homework. But students never thought she would make them eat the dung. Students and guardians flew into lather as she did not force her son Krishna Chandra to eat though he too had not done his homework.

District Education Officer (DEO) Man Bahadur KC said that forcing students to eat dung is an unnatural act. When asked what punishment will be meted out to the teacher, the DEO said that the school management committee is authorized to punish such teachers.

According to the headmaster Uday Pandey, the incident happened when he had gone to the district headquarters regarding school work. The teacher has to apologise because she has committed a mistake. The school management will call a guardians' meet soon to solve the issue.

Source: The Himalayan Times, June 24 2007

YCL closes school

Protesting the killing of two of their cadres in Rupandehi, members of Maoist wing the Young Communist league (YCL) cadres forcibly closed down almost all schools in Nawalparasi on Thrusday. They made the students return from schools while they were attending classes. YCL cadres also took several ninth and tenth graders in over 36 vehicles to district headquarters Parasi to mourn the death of their comrades.

Soruce: The Kathmandu Post, June 15 2007.

Child rights information in transportation

CWIN Nepal and Rapti Zonal Public Transportation Committee have agreed to include information on child rights in the tickets and the vehicles. This campaign is expected to raise awareness of the passengers who issue the tickets and use the vehicles as well.

The Transportation Committee is conducting more than four hundred public transportation in various parts of the country.

Child clubs meet at Libang

CWIN Nepal along with District Child Welfare Board jointly organised a three day meeting at Libang, Rolpa. Thirty three children: 16 boys and 17 girls representing different child clubs from Rolpa participated in the meeting. The major topics discussed in the meeting were role of child clubs in child protection, birth registration, school registration, substance abuses and its impact on children. It focused the role of child clubs in reduction of child marriage, issues to be addressed in constituent assembly regarding children, mitigation of children's psycho-social problems, measures of protection from landmines etc.

Review on the implementation of children's memorandum

CWIN Nepal and CONSORTIUM of organizations working with child clubs organized a program on 26 June 2007 to review a '20 point memorandum' presented to the political parties to mark the International Child Rights Day on 15th November 2006. The chief guest of the review program was Honorable State Minister, Labour and Transport, Ramesh Lekhak and other speakers at the program were Ekraj Bhandari (CPN Maoist), Bharat Raj Pahari (CPN UML), Ramesh Thapa (Nepal Majdoor Kishan Party), Khem Raj Regmi (NC Democratic), Jaya Prakash Singh (Nepal Sadbhawana Party, Anandidevi). The memo was presented to the government and political parties regarding child protection after enormous brainstorming among representatives of different child clubs, child rights forums and children's groups.

The memorandum focused on 'Children are zones of Peace', which was endorsed unanimously by all the political parties including Nepali Congress, Nepal Communist Party (UML), Nepal Communist Party (Maoist), Nepali Congress (Democratic), Janamorcha Nepal, Nepal Sadbhawana Party, Nepal Sadbhawana Party (Anandidevi), Rastriya Prajatantra Party etc.

The 20 point Memorandum states:

1. A pregnant woman should be provided with ample health facilities; law against discrimination of child (including sex determination of fetus) on the basis of sex should be in place; every Nepali child should be ensured with birth registration; children should also get the citizenship certificate on the basis of mother's nationality.
   
2. Provision of health posts and health attendants for safe delivery of children should be there; medical facilities and immunization should be in reach of every child; every development region should have at least one children's hospital and every village development committee should have one health post; children should get free medical facilities and children living with HIV should get special attention and protection;
   
3. Underprivileged and geographically backward children should be ensured with balanced diet; children of prisoners should be legally protected;
   
4. Conflict affected children should be provided with needed support and rehabilitated; displaced children should be kept in safer places; schools should be declared as zones of peace; army/ police post and cantonments should be placed far from schools;
   
5. Child friendly behaviour should be practiced even during the conflict period, by the conflicting parties as well. They should not be abused against their will for the purposes like child marriage and trafficking, abduction should be made punishable by law;
   
6. Children should not be used as messengers during conflict and those under eighteen years of age should be returned from armed conflict. In the future use of children under eighteen should be made punishable;
   
7. Establishment of children's court should be implemented, people under eighteen should be considered as children, a full fledged children's commission should be established;
   
8. Discrimination of all kinds should be eliminated, Children's act 2048 should be amended according to the changing context; national and international commitments regarding children should be highlighted and practiced;
   
9. Legal action should be taken to those who exploit labour, misbehave and sexually exploit children. Work description should be made for those labours who above the age of fourteen and their minimum wages should be set; children above fourteen years working under hazardous conditions should be rescued and state should provide them with proper education and trainings;
   
10. Differently able and mentally challenged children should be given special protection;
    
11. Use of land mines should be ended and data on missing children should be collected and released. Provide humanitarian services to needy ones;
    
12. Children and educational institutions should be declared as 'zones of peace'. Educational institutions should have the rights to open during the strikes as well. Corporal punishments in educational institutions should be stopped and the culprits should be punished under law;
    
13. Children of martyrs' during Jana-andolan II should be provided with free education. State should take special measure for their survival and provide various income generating trainings;
    
14. Primary education should be taught in mother language; education system has to be modified in scientific way according to the advancement of the changing context; every school should be provided with enough stationeries, libraries, laboratories and trained teachers;
    
15. Respecting child participation and children's voices, representation of children should be there in child welfare committee; a child representative should be there in parliament.
    
16. There should be proportional representation of children in every sector concerned with them such as schools, family, society, government etc;
    
17. Children should be consulted in developmental ventures such as building of schools, hospitals etc;
    
18. Children's participation in organizations working with children must be an obligation. Those organizations should prepare a five year working plan and a provision of registering child clubs in district administration office should be there;
    
19. Voting rights should be provided to children of sixteen years of age. 50% concession on transport for children should be a mandatory;
    
20. Media should not publish/ show news, images which affect children negatively. Child journalists should be encouraged and they should be given an identity.

The review program pointed out the achievements and other ignored points which need to be acknowledged in coming days.

Achievements

• International Conventions ratified by the Interim Government
  
• Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), ratified on August 08, 2006
  
• Regional SAARC Convention on Trade and Trafficking of Women and Children 2002, ratified on September 05, 2006
  
• SAARC convention on Regional arrangements for the promotion of child welfare in South Asia 2002, ratified on September 05, 2006
  
• Optional protocol of CRC on the involvement of children in armed conflict 2002 and Optional protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2002, ratified on September 19, 2006
  
• Convention on elimination of all kinds of discrimination against women 1999, ratified on November 02, 2006
  
• A Peace Accord signed between the government and Maoist on November 21, 2006 stated that children under the age of eighteen will not be allowed to use as child soldiers and children affected by conflict will be rescued and supported for rehabilitation
  
• Agreement on Arms Management on November 28, 2006 stated that recruitment of children under eighteen years of age from state or rebel armed forces will be stopped and in case it is found, they will be sent back immediately.
  
• Interim Constitution 2063 states education as a fundamental right and every citizen shall have the right to free education up to secondary level.
  
• The Interim Government has stated 'They will declare schools and hospitals' as zones of peace
  
• Regulations on 'Selecting House of Representatives 2063' presented by Election Commission states few points regarding child protection. They are:
  
• Children should not be used in any demonstration, protests, mass meetings etc;
  
• Use of children during the election campaign is prohibited;
  
• se of children for voting or related works are prohibited;
  
• Use of loudspeakers and making loud voices hampering students are prohibited.

Points to be acknowledged in future

1. School closure, political programs at school premises should be stopped;
   
2. Every political parties should have a separate department to look after children;
   
3. Children should not be included in any political forums/ unions;
   
4. Sister organizations of every political parties should agree and abide by the points mentioned below;
   
5. Issues affecting children should be prioritized during the peace and reconciliation process;
   
6. Aware people regarding explosives and help the victims of explosion for their treatments;
   
7. A mechanism has to be developed to make children's voices heard in constitution;
   
8. All the political parties should include child rights in their respective manifestoes and ensure child rights in the new constitution;
   
9. Differently able children and mentally challenged children should be given special protection;
   
10. Use of land mines should be ended and data on missing children should be collected and released. Provide humanitarian services to needy ones;
    
11. Child labour in hazardous conditions should be rescued and laws related to child labour should be practiced;
    
12. Special protection should be provided to child labourers, orphans and marginalised children.

CWIN Nepal has published a book "Children caught into the Armed Conflict" (Sasastra Dwandako Chapetama Balbalika).This book is a compilation of data from 1996-2006 regarding death, injuries, arrest, detention, custody and abduction of children. Data presented here are gathered on the basis of newspapers/ magazines survey, field reports and cases reported to CWIN in direct terms. The book has tried to include as much information as possible but the fact cannot be denied that there still are cases which never came in front, hence the limitations are confessed that the provided data might not be on the total.

However, data provided are given with analysis of dateline, geographical area, and responsible groups. The book has also enclosed numbers of case studies collected during the field visits.